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perception的用法「perception例句」

更新时间:2026-07-25 12:25:46 周记网4年前 (2023-01-07)英文周记457

perception cognition是什么意思

perception-cognition

perception的用法「perception例句」

 

英 [pə'sepʃnkɒɡn'ɪʃn]     美 [pə'sepʃnkɒɡn'ɪʃn]    

感应认知

perception的用法「perception例句」

感应认知

perception-cognition的用法和样例:

例句

perception的用法「perception例句」

It is a leap in the process of cognition.

这是认识过程的一次飞跃。

My perception was the conditions had not changed.

我认为情况无变化。

用感组成不同的两字词语

感 gǎn

部首笔画

部首:心 部外笔画:9 总笔画:13

五笔86:DGKN 五笔98:DGKN 仓颉:IRP

笔顺编号:1312515344544 四角号码:53330 Unicode:CJK 统一汉字 U+611F

基本字义

1. 觉出:~触。~觉。~性。~知(客观事物通过感觉器官在人脑中的直接反映)。~官。

2. 使在意识、情绪上起反应;因受**而引起的心理上的变化:~动。~想。反~。好~。情~。敏~。~染。~召。~慨。~喟。~叹。自豪~。~人肺腑。百~交集。

3. 对人家的好意表示谢意:~谢。~恩。~激。~愧。

详细字义

〈动〉

1. (形声。从心,咸声。本义:感动)

2. 同本义。思想感情受外界事物的影响而激动 [move]

感,动人心也。——《说文》

感而遂通,天下之故。——《易·系辞》。虞注:“动也。”

帝感其诚,命夸娥氏二子负二山。——《列子·汤问》

羊子感其言,复还终业。——《后汉书·列女传》

3. 又如:感格(感动,感化);感咽(受感动而悲伤,泣不成声);感涕(感动而涕泪俱下);感慕(感动而思慕);感悦(感动悦服);感人肺腑(使人的内心深受感动);感天动地(感动天地);感哽(感动得泣不成声)

4. 感应,影响 [response]

5. 又如:感制(感应制约);感会(感应会合);感验(应验);感变(感应变动)

6. 感触;触动感慨 [touch]

天地感而万物化生。——《易·成》

登斯楼也,则有去国怀乡,忧谗畏讥,满目萧然,感极而悲者也。——宋· 范仲淹《岳阳楼记》

7. 又如:感目(触目);感事(受外界事物的触动);感逆(触犯,冒犯);感悔(受到触动而悔改)

8. 感谢;感激 [thank;feel grateful]

新妇谓府吏:“感君区区怀!”——《玉台新咏·古诗为焦仲卿妻作》

感荷君子德,恍若乘朽栈。——韩愈《赠张籍》

远辱专人惠书,辅以药物,极济所乏,衰疾有赖矣,感刻,感刻。——宋· 苏轼《与张元明书》

9. 又如:感刻(深深感激);感荷(感谢,感佩);感篆(感激而铭记在心);感仰(感戴敬仰);感喜(感激喜悦);感颂(感激颂扬)

10. 感慨,感伤 [sigh with emotion]

感时花溅泪,恨别鸟惊心。——唐· 杜甫《春望》

至于长者之抱才而困,则又令我怆然有感。——明· 宗臣《报刘一丈书》

11. 又如:感忾(感叹。同“感慨”);感切(伤感凄切);感时(感慨时事的变迁或时势的变化);感悼(感伤哀悼,伤感);感恻(感伤悲痛)

12. 思念 [miss]

感物众而思深。——何晏《景福殿赋》。注:“犹思也。”

13. 又如:感思(思念);感逝(感念往昔);感逝山阳(表示对亡友的哀念)

14. 感染,感受。多用于疾病 [infect;be affected by]

太夫人并无别症,偶感了些风寒。——《红楼梦》

15. 又如:感风(谓中风;宋代太学诸生请假外宿,例以“感风”为辞);感疾(染病);感通(有感于此而通于彼)

16. 迷惑 [puzzle]

使人不能执一者,物感之也。——《吕氏春秋》

17. 通“减”( jiǎn)。减损,减少 [lessen;decrease]

其满为感,其虚为亡。——《管子·侈靡》

〈名〉

1. 感触;情绪;意念 [thoughts and feelings]。如:善感;伤感;百感交集;多愁善感;美感;预感;手感;颇有所感;读后感;杂感;观感

2. 另见 hàn

常用词组

1. 感触 gǎnchù

[thoughts and feelings;emotional stirrings] 跟外界事物接触而引起的思想感情

他在这方面深有感触

2. 感戴 gǎndài

[be sincerely grateful for] 感激爱戴(用于对上级)

桓分部良吏,隐亲医药,飧粥相继,士民感戴之。——《三国志·朱桓传》

3. 感动 gǎndòng

(1) [move;touch emotionally;impress]

(2) 触动

感动人之善心

复取读之,日再三,为感动太息。——《明史·海瑞传》

(3) 受外界事物的影响而激动

上下无不感动

4. 感恩 gǎn’ēn

(1) [be thankful]

(2) 感谢别人给予自己的恩惠

感恩不尽

(3) 餐前或餐后对上帝表示感谢

5. 感恩戴德 gǎn’ēn-dàidé

[be deeply grateful for] 感激别人所给的恩德

6. 感恩图报 gǎn’ēn-túbào

[be grateful to **.and seek ways to return his kindness] 受了别人的恩惠,一心思念回报

所宜竭力宣忠,感恩图报。——《剪灯新话》

7. 感发 gǎnfā

(1) [move and inspire]∶感动启发

读他的诗令人感发兴起

(2) [show]∶情感于中而发之于外

她听了,一时羞恶之心感发

8. 感奋 gǎnfèn

[be moved and inspired;be fired with enthusia**] 因受感触而精神振奋

主席的讲话令人感奋

(婉贞)曰:“与其坐而待亡,孰若起而拯之?诸君无意则已,诸君而有意,瞻予马首可以。”众皆感奋。—— 清· 徐珂《清稗类钞·战事类》

9. 感愤 gǎnfèn

[be moved and indignant] 感到愤慨

令人感愤痛切

10. 感官 gǎnguān

[the five senes;sense organ] 感受外界事物**的器官,有眼、耳、鼻、舌、身等

他看电影是要追求感官**

11. 感光 gǎnguāng

(1) [sensitization] [摄]∶照相胶片、相纸等受光的照射而起化学变化

(2) [be sensitive to light]∶在可见光范围内对光波的感觉

12. 感化 gǎnhuà

(1) [influence **. to better way of life;convert]∶用言行的影响,使人受感动而逐渐转变

用党的政策感化失足青年

(2) [get worked up]∶跟外界接触而动心

但这大约因为年龄的关系,我却并未蒙着一毫感化,所以竟完全忘却了。——鲁迅《故乡》

13. 感怀 gǎnhuái

(1) [recall with emotion]∶感伤地怀念

感怀亡友

(2) [reflections]∶有所感触。也指因感触而产生的情绪

新春感怀

14. 感激 gǎnjī

(1) [feel grateful;be thankful]∶因为别人的好意或帮助而对他有好感

感激不尽

我把**打通了,他感激地谢了我。——《小桔灯》

(2) [gratitude]∶对于施恩者怀有热烈友好的感情,促使人去报答恩情

感激施舍

(3) [be moved and inspired]∶感动奋发

先帝不以臣卑鄙,猥自枉屈,三顾臣于草庐之中,咨臣以当世之事,由是感激,遂许先帝以驱驰。——诸葛亮《出师表》

15. 感激不尽 gǎnjībùjìn

[can't be thankful enough to] 形容因受对方好处而极为感动

小生连日打搅,感激不尽。——《元曲选》

16. 感激涕零 gǎnjī-tìlíng

[shed grateful tears;be moved to tears of gratitude] 感动之深,以致哭泣下泪

感激涕零,矢志不弍。——曾文正公《奏稿》

17. 感觉 gǎnjué

[sense;sensibility;sensation] 动物及人体接受外界传来的及发自体内组织和器官的**之特性

我们有一个共同的感觉

18. 感觉 gǎnjué

[be aware of; feel;perceive] 觉得,认为

你感觉怎么样?

19. 感觉器官 gǎnjué qìguān

[the five senses;sense organ] 感受客观事物**的器官,如皮肤、眼睛、耳朵等。简称“感官”。受到**(如热或声波)的影响时,在联接它的感觉神经纤维中引起兴奋,神经纤维把特异的冲动传送到中枢神经系统,在那里冲动被译成相应的感觉(温热或声音)

20. 感慨 gǎnkǎi

[sigh with emotion;give vent to one's feeling about] 心灵受到某种感触而慨叹(感慨不已)

她不免感慨地想道:“……真是事变知人心啦!”——《果树园》

否则不能继述先烈遗志且光大之,而徒感慨于其遗事,斯诚后死者之羞也!——孙文《 黄花冈七十二烈士事略 序》

21. 感愧 gǎnkuì

[feel grateful and shame] 自愧不如的感想(感愧不已)

22. 感喟 gǎnkuì

[sigh with emotion] 感慨;叹息

日本的文人因此写出许多“人生短促”的凄凉感喟的诗歌,据说樱花的特点也在“早开早落”上面。——《樱花赞》

23. 感冒 gǎnmào

[common cold] 伤风,由病毒、混合感染或变态反应引起的上呼吸道卡他性疾病;表现为鼻塞、流涕、打喷嚏、咳嗽、咽部不适及畏寒、低热等局部和全身症状

24. 感念 gǎnniàn

[recall with deep emotion] 因感激或感动而思念

感念不忘

25. 感佩 gǎnpèi

[be grateful and admire] 感叹佩服;感激而钦佩

其心之诚,其意之切,令人感佩

深为感佩

衷心感佩

26. 感情 gǎnqíng

(1) [emotion;feeling;sentiment]∶对于外界**所产生的喜怒哀乐等心理反应

易激动的感情

他感情激动,连声音都发抖了。——《最后一课》

(2) [affection;attachment;love]∶对人或事物关心、喜爱的心情

感情真挚

我对荠菜,有着一种特殊的感情…——《挖荠菜》

27. 感情用事 gǎnqíng-yòngshì

[act impetuously] 凭一时的感情冲动处理问题

立柱妈怕他感情用事

28. 感染 gǎnrǎn

(1) [infestation;infection]∶病原微生物以及寄生虫等侵入机体并生长繁殖引起的病理反应及对机体造成的损害

感染期

轻度感染

(2) [infect]∶病原体由传染源通过一定途径侵入另一机体

感染艾滋病病毒

(3) [be influenced by;be tinged with]∶通过语言文字或其他形式引起别人相同的思想感情

他们谈话中不时爆发出大声的笑,使邻室的人听了也受感染。——《地质之光》

29. 感染力 gǎnrǎnlì

[inspiration] 能引起别人产生相同思想感情的力量;启发智慧或激励感情的能力

这首诗具有强烈的感染力

30. 感人 gǎnrén

(1) [touching;moving]∶令人感动

生动感人

(2) [emotional]∶激起感情的

感人的艺术

31. 感伤 gǎnshāng

[sorrowful;sad;down-hearted] 因有所感触而悲伤。尤指过分的和做作的多愁善感

带有几分感伤的心情

他的作品感伤情调太重

哀人易感伤,触物增悲心。——晋· 张载《七哀》

32. 感受 gǎnshòu

[be affected by] 受到;感染。生理学上指由感受器接受**并将其转化为神经冲动

感受风寒

眼睛的基本功能是感受光的**,识别图象。——《眼睛与仿生学》

33. 感受 gǎnshòu

[experience;feel] 体会;感想

生活感受

这次下乡巡回医疗,感受很深

34. 感叹 gǎntàn

[sigh with feeling] 有所感触而叹息

感叹一番

与其感叹光阴似箭,不如从每一分钟做起

35. 感叹 gǎntàn

[exclamation] 强烈 [**、申斥或抱怨]的语言

对于社会偏见的感叹

但看那干练坚决、百折不回的气概,曾经屡次为之感叹。——《记念刘和珍君》

36. 感叹号 gǎntànhào

[exclamation point;exclamation mark] 在书写和印刷中使用的符号“!”,放在感叹句或祈使句之后,以表达强烈的感情——亦称“惊叹号”

37. 感叹句 gǎntànjù

[exclamatory sentence] 带有浓厚感**彩的句子。如:“哎哟!”“好哇!”“哟!你也来了!”在书面上,感叹句末用感叹号

38. 感同身受 gǎntóngshēnshòu

[feel grateful as a personal kindness] 内心的感激就像亲身受到对方的恩惠一样。多用来代人向对方表示谢意

39. 感悟 gǎnwù

[be moved and comprehend] 有所感触而醒悟或领悟

上感悟,下诏赐肖望之 爵关内侯。——《汉书·刘向传》

40. 感想 gǎnxiǎng

[thought;impressions] 由接触外界事物引起的思想活动

请问,这次春游你有什么感想?

41. 感谢 gǎnxiè

[thank] 对接受别人给予的或提供的方便、恩惠,用言行表示谢意

感谢她叔叔送来的生日礼物

我应该感谢母亲,她教给我与困难作斗争的经验。——《回忆我的母亲》

42. 感性 gǎnxìng

[perceptual] 感官知觉。尤指内容或方向倾向美学或感情方面的

难道理智会屈服于单纯的感性吗?

43. 感性认识 gǎnxìng rènshi

[perceptual knowledge] 通过感觉器官对客观事物的片面的、现象的和外部联系的认识。感觉、知觉、表象等是感性认识的形式。感性认识是认识过程中的低级阶段。要认识事物的全体、本质和内部联系,必须把感性认识上升为理性认识。参看“理性认识”

这种感性认识的材料积累多了,就会产生一个飞跃,变成了理性认识,这就是思想。——《人的正确思想是从哪里来的?》

44. 感应 gǎnyìng

(1) [response;reaction;interaction]

(2) 物理学名词。一个物体(如电导体、可磁化体、电路)内部由于另一类似激发物体的接近(但不接触)或者由于磁通的变化而产生的电荷、磁性或电动势

(3) 因受外界影响而引起相应的反应

自然界现象对于人间情绪有种种不同的感应,我以为月亮引起的感应多半是消极。——茅盾《谈月亮》

令人又言心电感应有道,吾亦望其是实,则吾之死,吾灵尚依依旁汝也。——《与妻书》

45. 感遇 gǎnyù

(1) [grateful for good treatment]∶对他人的知遇表示感激

且先帝谬顾,情同布衣,既今恩重命轻,遂感遇忘身。——《晋书·庾亮传》

(2) [sigh forth one's sufferings]∶对自己命运的感慨

(3) [sigh with emotion]∶对所遇事物的感慨

46. 感召 gǎnzhào

(1) [rally **.to a worthy cause;move;inspire]

(2) 感化并召唤

在政策的感召下,他自首了

(3) 通过神或超自然的力量把某种意思传给或透露给代理人

说了受上帝感召而说的话

47. 感知 gǎnzhī

[perception] 利用感官对物体获得的有意义的印象

48. 感知 gǎnzhī

[make sth.reflected in consciousness through sense organs] 哲学名词。感觉与知觉的统称。客观事物通过感官在人脑中的直接反应

感 hàn

详细字义

〈动〉

1. 假借为“撼”。摇动 [shake]

夏则雷霆,霹雳之所感也。——枚乘《七发》

2. 又如:感突(冲撞奔突貌);无感(不能撼动);感帨(指男子对女子非礼相陵);感移(谓动摇之使其改变);感动(动摇)

3. 假借为“憾”。怨恨 [hate]

王贪而无信,唯蔡于感。——《左传·昭公十一年》。注:“ 楚常恨其不服顺。”

何感而上书归卫将军富平侯印?——《汉书·张安世传》

4. 又如:释感(化解仇恨);怀感(怀恨);感恨(怨恨,不满);感恚(愤恨)

5. 另见 gǎn

prospect, perspective和perception有什么区别吗,这几个单词好接近,谢谢

当都做n.时的区别:

理解,

in

prospect可期待的,有...希望;

在考虑中

in

perspective

合乎透视法;

比例正确

但没有

in

perception

的用法。

解析:

prospect:

n.景色,

前景,

前途,

期望

perspective:

n.

透视画法,

透视图,

判断事物的方法;眼力,远景,前景

perception:

n.

理解,感知,感觉,了解,领悟,

洞察力,理解力;

知觉作用;

知觉过程;

感性认识;

观念,

概念

直接引语和间接引语的用法

间接引语 拉丁语语法名词,又叫间接引述,英文为 indirect statement。指用在表述意见的动词 [perception] 之后的一种从句,这种从句并非由主语直接叙述出来,而是通过第三人转述的。实际上间接引语大都是宾语从句,当直接引语为祈使句,陈述句,疑问句被转换成间接引语时,句子的结构,人称,时态,时间,时间状语和地点状语等都要发生改变。

如:他们说:“皇帝死后将成为神。” [直接引语] Dixere:"Augustus post mortem deum factus erit."

他们说,那个皇帝死后将成为神。[间接引语] Dixere Augustum post mortem deum faciendum esse.

间接引语中,引语的主语要使用宾格,动词要使用不定式,不定式的时态取决于引语动词发生的时间与主句动词时间的先后性,不定式的性、数取决于间接引语的主语(如前所述,只用宾格)。如:

Consules sentiunt servos non esse liberandos. 执政官们认为奴隶们不该被释放。

主句动词是认为:sentiunt ,时态是现在时。间接引语中的动词是不定式 liberandos esse,是将来时,因为“被释放”的动作是发生在主句动词“认为”之后的。liberandos 的性(阳性)、数(复数)与间接引语的主语servos 保持一致。

当我们引用别人的话时,我们可以使用别人的原话,也可以用自己的话把意思转述出来。如果引用原话,被引用的部分就称之为直接引语,反之,则称为间接引语。

这里有两句间接引语。前面一句的动词是 interfectum esse,是不定式的完成时,表示“被杀害”的动作是发生在fama erat [消息到来]之前的;后一句的动词是 vivere, 是不定式的现在时,表示“活着”这个动作与消息到来同步。

[思路分析]

如下

[解题过程]

直接引语和间接引语详解

引述或转述别人的话称为“引语”。直接引用别人的原话,两边用引号“ “标出,叫做直接引语;用自己的语言转述别人的话,不需要引号这叫做间接引语,实际上间接引语大都是宾语从句(其中由祈使句转换的间接引语除外,其转换后是不定式)。那么直接引语为陈述句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和祈使句,转换为间接引语时,句子的结构,人称、时态、时间状语和地点状语等都要有变化,如何变化呢?

1、人称的转变

1)直接引语中的第一人称,一般转换为第三人称,如:

He said,“I am very sorry.” ——He said that he was very sorry.

2)直接引语中的第二人称,如果原话是针对转述人说的,转换为第一人称,如:

“You should be more careful next time,” my father told me.——

My father told me that I should be more careful the next time.

3)直接引语中的第二人称,如果原话是针对第三人称说的,转换成第三人称。如:

She said to her son, “I'll check your homework tonight.” ——

She said to her son that she would check his homework that night.

4)人称的转换包括人称代词、物主代词和名词性物主代词等,如:

He asked me, “Will you go to the station with me to meet a friend of mine this afternoon?” ——

He asked me whether I would go to the station with him to meet a friend of his that afternoon.

总之,人称的转换不是固定的,具体情况,具体对待,要符合逻辑。

2、时态的转换

直接引语改为间接引语时,主句中的谓语动词如果是过去时,从句(即间接引语部分)的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化,变成过去时范畴的各种时态(实际也是宾语从句的时态要求),变化如下:

直接引语 间接引语

一般现在时 一般过去时

一般过去时 过去完成时

现在进行时 过去进行时

过去完成时 过去完成时

现在完成时 过去完成时

过去进行时 过去进行时

一般将来时 过去将来时

例如:

“I am very glad to visit your school”, she said. ——

She said she was very glad to visit our school.

Tom said, “We are listening to the pop music.” ——

Tom said that they were listening to the pop music.

Mother asked, “Have you finished your homework before you watch TV?” ——

Mother asked me whether I had finished my homework before I watched TV.

He asked the conductor, “Where shall I get off to change to a No. 3 bus?” ——

He asked the conductor where he would get off to change to a No. 3 bus.

“Why did she refuse to go there?” the teacher asked. ——

The teacher asked why she had refused to go there.

Mother asked me, “Had you finished your homework before you watched TV?” ——

Mother asked me whether I had finished my homework before I watched TV.

Tom said, “We were having a football match this time yesterday.” ——

Tom said that they were having a football match that time the day before.

He said,“I haven't heard from my parents these days.” ——

He said that he hadn't heard from his parents those days.

3、直接引语变成间接引语时,从句时态无须改变的情况

1)当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时的时候,如:

He always says, “I am tired out.” ——He always says that he is tired out.

2)当主句的谓语动词是将来时的时候,如:

He will say, “I’ll try my best to help you.” ——He will say that he will try his best to help me.

3)当直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间状语时,如:

He said, “I went to college in 1994.” ——He told us that he went to college in 1994.

4)当直接引语中有以when, while引导的从句,表示过去的时间时,如:

He said,“When I was a child, I usually played football after school.” ——

He said that when he was a child, he usually played football after school.

5)当直接引语是客观真理或自然现象时,如:

Our teacher said to us, “Light travels faster than sound.” ——

Our teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.

6)当引语是谚语、格言时,如:

He said,“Practice makes perfect.” ——He said that practice makes perfect.

7)当直接引语中有情态动词should, would, could, had better, would rather, might, must, ought to, used to, need时,如:

例如:

The doctor said, “You'd better drink plenty of water.” ——

The doctor said I'd better drink plenty of water.

He said, “She must be a teacher.”—— He said that she must be a teacher.

He said, “She ought to have arrived her office by now.”——

He said that she ought to have arrived her office by then.

The teacher said, “You needn't hand in your compositions today.”——

The teacher said we needn't/didn't need to/didn't have to hand in our compositions.

She asked, “Must I take the medicine?”—— She asked if she had to take the medicine.

〔注〕:此处用had to代替must更好

8)此外转述中的变化要因实际情况而定,不能机械照搬,如果当地转述,here不必改为there, 动词come不必改为go,如果当天转述yesterday, tomorrow, this afternoon等均不必改变。如:

Teacher: You may have the ball game this afternoon.

Student : What did the teacher say, Monitor?

Monitor: He said we might have the ball game this afternoon.

4、时间状语、地点状语及某些对比性的指示代词和动词变化

1)时间状语:

直接引语 间接引语 直接引语 间接引语

now (then); tomorrow (the next / following day )

today (that day); next week (the next / following week / month / year)

yesterday(the day before) two days ago( two days before )

last week /month/ year (the week/month/ year before) this week/month/year (that week/month/ year)

2)指示代词:these 变成those

3)地点状语:here变成there

She said, “I won't come here any more.”—— She said that she wouldn’t go there any more..

4)动词:come变成go,bring变成take

5、直接引语变成间接引语,句子结构的变化

1)陈述句。用连词that引导,that在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可直用接引语中的said, 也可用told来代替,注意,可以说said that, said to **. that, told **. that,不可直接说told that, 如:

He said, “I have been to the Great Wall.” ——He said to us that he had been to the Great Wall.

He said, “I'll give you an examination next Monday.”——

He told us that he would give us an examination the next Monday.(不可说told that)

此外主句中的谓语还常有:

repeat, whisper, answer, reply, explain, announce, declare, think等,又如:

He said,“I'm late because of the heavy traffic.”—— He explained to us that he was late because of the heavy traffic.

如果间接引语是由that引导的两个或两个以上的并列从句,第一个连词可以省略,以后的连词一般不省略,以免混乱。

The doctor said, “You are not seriously ill, You will be better soon.”——

The doctor said(that)I was not seriously ill and that I would be better soon.

2)直接引语为一般疑问句,(也称是否疑问句,)间接引语用连词whether或if引导,原主句中谓语动词said要改为asked(me/him/us等),语序是陈述句的语序,这一点非常重要。

He said, “Do you have any difficulty with pronunciation?”——

He asked(me)whether/if I had any difficulty with my pronunciation.

He said, “You are interested in English, aren't you?”——

He asked whether I was interested in English.

3) 直接引语为选择疑问句,间接引语用whether…or…表达,而不用if…or…,也不用either…or…. 如:

He asked, “Do you speak English or French?”——

He asked me whether I spoke English or French..

I asked, “Will you take bus or take train?”——

I asked him whether he would take bus or take train.

4)直接引语为特殊疑问句,改成间接引语时,原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词,主句的谓语动词用ask(**.)来表达,语序改为陈述句语序。如:

He asked,“What's your name?”—— He asked(me)what my name was.

He asked us, “How many car factories have been built in your country?”——

He asked us how many car factories had been built in our country.

5)直接引语为祈使句时,改为间接引语,用带to的不定式表达,谓语动词常是ask, advise, tell, warn, order, request等。如ask **. to do,(由肯定祈使句变成)ask **. not to do(由否定祈使句转变),并且在不定式短语中的时间状语、地点状语、人称及时态都作相应的变化。如:

He said,“Be seated, please.”—— He asked us to be seated.

“Do be careful with your handwriting.” He said. ——

He told me to be careful with my handwriting.

“Never come here again!” said the officer nearby. ——

The officer ordered the villagers never to go there again.

“Don't touch anything in the lab without permission,” the teacher said. ——

The teacher warned the students not to touch anything in the lab without permission.

6)有些含有“建议”——、“劝告”——的祈使句,可用suggest, insist, offer等动词转述,如:

He said, “Let's have a rest.”—— He suggested our having a rest.

He said, “Let me help you.”—— He offered to help me.

7)当直接引语形式上是疑问句,有表示请求,建议意义时,可用ask **. to do sth. /suggest doing/advise **. to do sth. 等形式转述。如:

“Would you mind opening the door?” he asked. ——He asked me to open the door.

“Why not going out for a walk?” he asked us. ——

He advised us to go out for a walk. 或He suggested we go out for a walk.

8)直接引语是感叹句时,变间接引语可用what或how引导,也可用that引导,如:

She said, “What a lovely day it is!”—— She said what a lovely day it was. 或She said that it was a lovely day.

嵌套间接引语的从句:

如果间接引语当中还镶嵌有另一句从句,则被称为嵌套间接引语的从句,英文叫:the subordinate clause in indirect statement。这时,这样的从句要使用虚拟语气。从句动词的时态与主句动词的时态相关联。如:

Dux dicebat militem qui fugisset poenas daturum esse. 统帅曾常说,那个逃跑的士兵将要受到惩罚。

qui fugisset[逃跑] 是一句关系从句,修饰militem “士兵”,由于处在dicebat [说]后面的间接引语当中,因此需使用虚拟语气。间接引语的动词是不定式 daturum esse[将受到],为将来时,因为动作发生在主句动词“说”之后,而 fugisset [逃跑]为虚拟语气的过去完成时,表示在统帅“说话”之前已经逃走了。

如何把直接引语变间接引语

“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时,如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如:

She said. "My brother wants to go with me. "→She said her brother wanted to go with her.

“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时,若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称,如:

He said to Kate. "How is your sister now?"→He asked Kate how her sister was then。

“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如:

Mr Smith said。 "Jack is a good worker。"→Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker。

变时态:

直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。

现在时它需改为过去时态;过去时态改为完成时;过去完成时则保留原来的时态。如:

1)She said. "I have lost a pen."→She said she had lost a pen

2)She said. "We hope so."→She said they hoped so.

3) She said. "He will go to see his friend。"→She said he would go to see his friend。

但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时,时态一般不变化。

①直接引语是客观真理。

"The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth, the teacher told me. → The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth。

②直接引语是过去进行时,时态不变。如:

Jack said. "John, where were you going when I met you in the street?"→Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street。

③直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语,变为间接引语时,时态不变。如:

Xiao Wang said. "I was born on April 2l, 1980。" →Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980。

④直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作,变间接引语,时态不变。如:

He said, "I get up at six every morning。" →He said he gets up at six every morning。

⑤如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式(例:ought to, had better, used to)和已经是过去时的形式时,(例:could, should, would, might)不再变。如:

Peter said. "You had better come have today。" →Peter said I had better go there that day。

三、如何变状语:

直接引语变间接引语,状语变化有其内在规津,时间状语由“现在”改为“原来”(例:now变为then, yesterday。变为 the day before)地点状语,尤其表示方向性的,或用指示代词修饰的状语,由“此”改为“彼”(例:this 改为that),如:

He said, "These books are mine." →He said those books were his.

四、如何变句型:

①直接引语如果是陈述句,间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。如:She said, "Our bus will arrive in five minutes."→She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.

②直接引语如果是反意疑问句,选择疑问句或一般疑问句,间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句.如:He said, "Can you swim, John?" →He asked John if he could swim.

"You have finished the homework, haven‘t you?" my mother asked. →My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework.

"Do you go to school by bus or by bike?" →He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike.

③直接引语如果是特殊问句,间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句(宾语从句必须用陈述句语序)。

She asked me, "When do they have their dinner?"→ She asked me when they had their dinner.

④直接引语如果是祈使句,间接引语应改为"tell(ask, order, beg等) ** (not) to do sth."句型。如:

"Don’t make any noise," she said to the children. →She told (ordered) the children not to make any noise. "Bring me a cup of tea, please," said she.→She asked him to bring her a cup of tea.

⑤直接引语如果是以“Let‘s”开头的祈使句,变为间接引语时,通常用“suggest +动句词(或从句)。”如:

He said, "Let’s go to the film." →He suggested going to the film.或He suggested that they should go to see the film.

引述别人的话有两种方式:一是使用引号引出人家的原话,这叫做直接引语;一是用自己的话把人家的话转述出来,这叫做间接引语。例如:

John said, "I’m going to London with my father."

约翰说:"我要和父亲到伦敦去。"(引号内是直接引语)

John said that he was going to London with his father.

约翰说,他要和他父亲去伦敦。(宾语从句是间接引语)

在直接引语变为间接引语时什么时候主句said 等词改为told等词 有规则吗?

有规则,当情景是一个人对另一个人说时,如I said to him.said 变 told

但记住!! 必须是陈述句才可以.

perception与insight在英语中有什么区别?

我们在英文阅读和电影中经常能看到perception和insight这两个词,两个词都可以表示洞察力,但在具体使用时,这两个词是存在着区别的,具体如下:

一:含义解释

perception 英 [pəˈsepʃn]  美 [pərˈsepʃn]  n. 知觉;感知;洞察力;悟性;看法;见解

insight 英 [ˈɪnsaɪt]   美 [ˈɪnsaɪt]   n. 洞察力;领悟;洞悉;了解

相同点:两词都可以表示洞察力

不同点:比起perception, insight 暗示着更好地使用智力和智慧; insight暗示对一件事的内在特征和本质的了解,而perception 主要。

二:用法区分

perception主要用作名词,作名词时中文含义是:知觉;感知;洞察力;悟性;看法;见解。其复数形式是: perceptions

perception的固定搭配:

time perception时间知觉 ; 时间辨别力 ; 时间感知 ; 感觉反应时间

multistable perception多稳态知觉  role perception角色知觉

insight主要用作名词,作名词时意思是“洞察力;洞悉;见识;深刻的理解”。

insight固定搭配:

insight into深刻理解,洞察…

gain an insight into看透, 识破。

三:典型例句

1、perception

——A study on the classification of knowledge work based on subjective perception ****ysis.  基于知觉分析的知识性工作分类研究

——She showed great perception in her asses**ent of the family situation.

她对家庭状况的分析显示出敏锐的洞察力。

——There is a general public perception that standards in schools are falling.

公众普遍认为,学校的水平都在下降。

2、insight

——He was a man with considerable insight.

他是个富有洞察力的人。

——Lillian Hellman's plays are marked by insight and finesse.

莉莲.赫尔曼的巨作以富有洞察力和写作技巧著称。

——The book gives us fascinating insights into life in Mexico.

这本书生动地表现了墨西哥的生活。

ESP这个英语什么意思

ESP (Extra-sensory perception)

指人的超能力感应,除了正常的视觉、听觉、触觉、味觉、嗅觉外,有些人有特别敏锐的第六感。

ESP亦是指汽车的,“电子稳定程序”Electronic Stability Program。这系统是支援ABS(“防锁死刹车系统”)及TCS("牵引控制系统")。它通过对从各感应器传来的行驶状态资料进行分析,然后向ABS、TCS发出纠偏指令,帮助车辆维持动态平衡。

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